The Collapse of the Greenland Norse Essay -- european history

In Jared Diamond’s novel 'Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed' he discusses many civilizations that moved away from their homelands, grew in population, and then either failed or succeeded in their new environments. Throughout this essay I will attempt to explain the Collapse of the Greenland Norse, one of the many societies to rise and fall. The Greenland Norse faced multiple challenges including economical, agricultural, and unfriendly neighbors. Alongside Greenland other North Atlantic islands faced geographical challenges that lead to some of their falls as well. Yet, first I will discuss why the Norse left Scandinavia in search of new terrain. Similarly to other expansions the Norse, also known as Vikings, expansion was most likely caused by what’s commonly known as â€Å"push/pull† triggers. â€Å"Push† means that the population pressure lead to a lack of opportunities in their homeland while â€Å"pull† represents good opportunities and empty areas to colonize elsewhere (Collapse pg. 185). Another reason for their sudden expansion is autocatalytic process. For the Norse two very distinct events set of this type of process: one was that in A.D. 793 a raid took place in Lindisfarne Monastery yielding a rich haul of booty that lead to even larger yields in following years and the second reason being the discovery of the unpopulated Faeroe Islands lead to the finding of larger, more distant islands (Collapse pg. 186). Even though the islands looked promising the Norse soon found out otherwise as the geographical environments posed many problems. For instance, Orkneys which lays in the Gulf Stream was perhaps their most successful island as it enjoyed mild climates and allowed for great agricultural production, but on... ...the Norse (Collapse pg. 255). Furthermore, the Inuit was able to outlive the Norse due to their advanced fishing skills that the Norse refused to learn from their neighbors largely in part to religion. In the end though it was the Norse’s decision to refrain from eating fish, ringed seals, and whales that potentially could have saved them from collapse (Collapse pg. 274). Even though the Greenland Norse only survived for four hundred and fifty years they weren’t necessarily failures. After all their unique European society was able to survive longer than we’ve been able to survive here in America (Collapse pg. 276). If we, American’s, don’t learn from others past are we doomed to follow in their footsteps? In my opinion, the answer is yes, but hopefully we’ll be able to turn the tides before its too late and we fall into collapse like so many other societies.

Analyse the sun’s newspaper leading article Essay

The Sun is a tabloid newspaper, which is generally short and easy to read. The word â€Å"spirit† adds evidence that The Sun targets a simple audience, which don’t have to be highly educated. The Sun is aimed at the middle class market (red top). As well as being strictly right-wing politics, the paper also has an untrustworthy reputation, they can also have tendency to exaggerate the truth and even print lies. Papers often exaggerate to make the situation sound more devastating and to have a more dramatic effect on the reader. The Sun gives a graphical view into what happened on September the 11th. The article on the 12th September 2001 is presented quite visually. The paper uses headlines to attract the reader’s attention and to summarise the facts of the article. The main title for the article is â€Å"The Sun Says†. The title is printed in large capital letters, is bold and has white letters printed on a black background. White letters on a black background are used to focus people attention on the title. Bold text is also used to make certain text stand out from the rest. The heading is to summarise the article, which is what â€Å"The sun says†¦ † This short unfinished sentence makes the reader want read on and this creates suspense as well as getting reader interest. This heading is also influencing the reader’s point of view. The main Sub heading is â€Å"All the world must unite to defeat these evil cowards. † This heading is printed in large letters, is bold, underlined, has white letters on a black background and in the centre of the article. The heading is in the centre of the article this is to break up the text and grab people’s attention. The heading is used to give a message, which in this case is everyone, must join together to find out who committed this unprovoked attack. This heading is also exaggerated to creating drama and excitement to stimulate the interest of the reader. Below the sub heading in a picture of some of the people caught up in the accident. This is eye catching and is reinforcing what is being said in the text. The picture is followed by the caption â€Å"Terror victims†¦. New York workers flee the devastation covered in dust yesterday† This caption is to get a certain response from the reader. The writer varies the sentence lengths to make short sentences punchy and hard-hitting on the audience. This simple short sentences â€Å"They must† is the first sentence of the article after the subheading. Short sentences are to emphasise a certain point. The point for this sentence is really the answer to the sub heading before it. This has a dramatic effect on its audience to unite in the â€Å"wake of yesterday’s horrors. † An additional short sentence is â€Å"Not after yesterday. † This is due to the amount of lives that were lost and threat of another attack. This is playing on the audience’s emotions. The writer uses a variety of techniques to help write a powerful article. Emotive language is used to provoke a certain response this can be demonstrated by the phrase â€Å"But the world will never be the same again. † This phrase is used to provoke an emotional response from the audience because the towers will never be rebuilt or be the same again. In order to create emotions, The Sun had to be biased and argue their point in order to get a certain emotion, among the audience. The writer uses the single word â€Å"exactly† which is written in Italic writing. This is to emphasise the word and make it stand out from the rest of the paragraph. The word is also to persuade the audience to adopt their point of view. Bold text stand is used several times throughout the article. Various examples of the bold text are â€Å"It is our duty to support them, both morally and – if necessary – practically† and â€Å"They must be hunted down and killed. † These quote are both subtitles. These subtitles are bold to catch the reader’s attention and make you want to read more. The bold also makes the text stand out from the rest of the paragraph. Both of these sentences give the read a feeling that if there is a war then we should back America. A rhetorical question is often asked for effect, this is to get a reader interested in what is happening. â€Å"Were his words treated as bravado rather that a dire threat? By asking a question the reader is leaving the answer up to the readers imagination and for them to draw their own opinion. In addition, the writer also uses questions from famous people in order to support their view. By quoting the prime minister the writer helps to support this view and it gets the paper politically involved. Tony Blair quoted, â€Å"The terrorists were in human† Journalists often exaggerate the truth to have a greater impact on the reader. For example â€Å"The world will NEVER be the same again. † By exaggerating the story the writer is trying to create a more devastating story. By developing and twisting the story the writer is assuming what has happened, but can’t prove what actually took place. This is called suppression and is created by saying an example of this is â€Å"If they had a nuclear bomb, they would use it. † Exaggeration is also being used to influence the reader’s point of view like in the phrase describing the disaster similar to â€Å"Armageddon, Death Wish and the Towering Inferno. † Writers some times use rhyming phrases in order to create phrases or slogans to keep the suspense of the article. Examples of rhyming phrases in the article include â€Å"George W. Bush will not shirk from using might in the cause of right. † And â€Å"we have won before. We will win again. † By playing on words, using Rhyming phrases and repetition the writer is focusing on a certain point or word. In this case the word is â€Å"we† which is at the end of the article to get across the point that â€Å"we can win†. The Language used in the Sun is informative, angry and sad. The language is a key tool in making a newspaper as affective as possible as it keeps the audience interested. A great example of this is the phrase â€Å"New York workers flee the devastation of yesterday. † This example of sad language is to provoke angry response from the audience. The language is also dramatic an example of this is â€Å"he must be bold†. This is to provoke the response that George Bush must be brave and daring. At the time of the disaster I was at school so I didn’t find out until I got home. When I saw the pictures on the television I felt a great lose for the families and could not belief something like this could happen, it affects everyone. The bottom lines of the article are trying to get people to unite and get everyone to â€Å"pray for America and for us all. † This powerful phrase is supposed to have a lasting affect on the reader and to influence their opinion. The leading article is a story expressing the newspaper’s point of view they are normally hard hitting, powerful and personnel. Some times they are actually written by the editor and they are much more opinionated than other reports. This type newspaper tries to make up people’s minds for them as it is mainly biased.

Reclining Nude

Faith Kim Prof. Hight Introduction to Visual Arts 4 June 2012 Reclining Nude The artwork is called Reclining Nude by Jean-Antoine Watteau and I found this artwork in the Norton Simon Museum. I was captivated by the sensuality and the delicacy in the painting. I first noticed in the painting was her robust ivory figure contrasting with the dark chocolate background because I felt that these contrasting colors evoked a sense of purity and light against the mysterious darkness. She seems to have turned around and noticed something. Perhaps someone just entered the room and surprised her or she could have been waiting for her lover.I also noticed that in this painting, that there are only three objects: the bed, the girl, and the dark background. This painting seemed so simple to me and yet I felt there was so much more to it. What was it about her that was so special? Why was she painted? These thoughts whirled in my head as I looked at this masterpiece. I studied this painting’s importance by researching the important formal elements that composed this artwork such as color and light, the historical context in which the artwork was made, and Watteau’s intent for this artwork.These factors have contributed in the Reclining Nude’s significance not only for me, but in art history. I first analyzed the usage of the formal elements-the color and shape- and Watteau’s skill sets in the Reclining Nude. The woman’s â€Å"creamy pink flesh is wonderfully warm and sensuous against the ivory-white of the bedclothes and the dark, chocolate-brown of the background† (Posner 385). The creamy color adds life to the woman and distinguishes her from the pale white bed sheets, thus giving the effect that her skin has â€Å"a marvelous translucency† (Posner 385).The translucency of her skin could possibly imply her innocence and purity. The rosy blush gives the young girl a sense of modesty that even though she might be alone and lying comfortably on her bed; she is aware of her nudity. Her â€Å"shape [and] weight†¦of the breasts and the firm flesh of [her] stomach†¦are exactly defined by varying values and densities of the paint surface† (Posner 385). Watteau must have applied a certain amount of weight in applying the paint, to give the painting life. This made â€Å"the boldly painted bedding seem buoyant and responsive to the weight of the lithesome figure† (Posner 385).His â€Å"brushwork is free and broad,† especially around the woman’s right elbow where there is apparently â€Å"a lack of clarity about the relationship of weight support† (Posner 385). Despite these irregularities, â€Å"the picture’s handling and description of forms are typical of Watteau† (Poser 385). Watteau was known for his â€Å"freedom of the hand, the lightness of touch, a subtlety in the profiles of heads and the drawing of hair, the expressiveness of the figures and com positions, [and] the pervasive feeling of [his artworks]† (Oxford).Watteau used the Rococo style in the Reclining Nude and this certain style reflected the change in mentality during 18th century France. According to Art: A Brief History, â€Å"The Rococo style may be seen partly as a reaction at all levels of society, even among kings and bishops, against the Grand Manner of Baroque art, indentified with formality and rigidity of seventeenth-century court life† (Stokstad 412). The Baroque style prior to the Rococo style magnified the grandeur of the powerful-the royalty and nobility.They were portrayed as godlike and were painted in a formal and rigid manner. Rococo was a much more relaxed notion and is â€Å"characterized by pastel colors, delicately curving forms, dainty figures, and lightheartedness† (Stokstad 412). The Reclining Nude represents these ideas of the Rococo style. Her body has a delicate curve especially around her hips adjacent to the dark back ground and her fingers are so delicate, it seems as if she has never used them before.During this time was the early emergence of the Enlightenment when â€Å"radical technological advances† and changes in philosophy were happening (Stokstad 469). People were starting to become curious, questioned their surroundings, and were thinking more realistically. The change in France’s notion is reflected in the Reclining Nude. The woman is more humanized with her lying comfortably than posing like a goddess in stupendous fashion. Also, the details of her anatomy, such as the indent of fat between her left breast and hip, give her a more realistic look as well.The Reclining Nude carries the characteristics of the Rococo style and embodies the cultural shift of France. No one knows for certain the true meaning behind Watteau’s Reclining Nude. There are theories that Reclining Nude has no meaning and is a simply a copy of Watteau’s other artwork, The Remedy. The Rem edy â€Å"shows the same reclining nude woman who appears in the painting. But in addition, it includes a maid with a syringe approaching her mistress to administer an enema, and also a night-table at the left and more of the bed at the bottom of the composition† (Posner 386).Only difference is that in the Reclining Nude, the focal point is not the action between the woman and her nurse, but just the woman. However, Watteau might have intended for the painting to be an erotic artwork. Watteau might have portrayed her as the ideal woman and to make love to this woman is as beautiful as her. This type of work would have reflected the â€Å"intellectual and social libertinism†¦ especially in France† (Posner 387). Expressing eroticism such as this was radical, but so was the culture and time period of France.The woman has also been noted to be a pagan goddess for she is â€Å"wonderfully seductive† and shares the modesty of a pagan goddess (Posner 388). Unlike what art historians and theorist say, I believe that Watteau’s intent was for us to just relax like her and enjoy the beauty of life. I think he would have wanted us to unwind and shift our focus from materials and more into the natural beauty. Watteau definitely displayed characteristics of the Rococo style and might have meant to use this style to display some very simple and yet beautiful forms of life.Instead of the opulence of the rich like in the Baroque style, he focused more on the natural beauty. He points out the delicacies and the loveliness of the woman that further attribute to her exquisiteness. Although there are many things I would love to know more about the Reclining Nude, I have learned a lot from my research. I feel satisfied of my discoveries and researching the Reclining Nude has reminded of the great importance art history is in our society. Studying art history gives us glimpses of life during those time periods.They show us their people, cultures, sty les, etc. Utilizing art, we are able to study from past people, cultures, and styles and therefore, apply this knowledge for the future. Jean-Antoine Watteau’s Reclining Nude provides history and meaning to society and can be studied to understand the mentality then, compared to how we are today. The visual techniques, the historical context, and the meaning of the Reclining Nude have helped enlighten me about this painting’s significance on myself and in art history.

Capital punishment should be abolished Essay Example

Capital punishment should be abolished Essay Example Capital punishment should be abolished Essay Capital punishment should be abolished Essay There are about 1. 000 people sentenced to decease because of perpetrating flagitious offense globally each twelvemonth ( Rogers. 2012. parity. 10 ) . However. some states still insist on implementing the decease punishment or capital penalty in order to cut down offense. In the 20th century it is contended that value of life should be pursed. and everyone deserves the right to last. For this ground. it can be argued that capital penalty should be abolished and whole life imprisonment should be implemented alternatively. First. to specify heinous crime’ and capital punishment’ is of import. The definition of flagitious offense differs depending on the state. By and large. it relates to offenses of moral turpitude’ . which are highly violent Acts of the Apostless including slaying. colza. manslaughter and terrorist act ( Tooby. 2012. parity. 1 ) . In contrast. the definition of capital punishment’ is more concrete. It is defined by the Oxford Dictionary ( 2012 ) as the lawfully authorised violent death of person as penalty for a offense. This includes deadly injection. deadly gas. hanging. executed by firing sqard. lapidating. decapitation and burning. This essay will reason that capital penalty is against basic human rights. secondly will turn out that felons have been found to be guiltless after they have been executed. thirdly it will verify the being of unjust judgements. Finally. this essay will expose counterarguments that support the decease punishment. utilizing instances from Saudi Arabia. China and America as its example to reason that capital penalty is barbarous and unneeded. To get down with. harmonizing to The Universal Human Rights Declaration ( 2012. parity. 3 ) Everyone has the right to life. autonomy and security of person . therefore. based on this premiss implementing capital penalty is against basic human rights. Everyone has the right to last. no 1 can strip people of this right. non even the authorities. Since the right of persons is protected by jurisprudence. which can non strip anyone randomly of life ( Human Right Association. 2003. parity. 2 ) . Capital penalty. however. is a pattern that disregards human rights. Furthermore. the justness system is set up to forestall offense and keep a peaceable society ( UNICEF. 2003. parity. 7 ) . The decease punishment. nevertheless. inflicts harm upon another. which can potentially make panic inside society ( Jayashree. 2010. parity. 7 ) . Therefore. capital penalty seems to oppose the established justness system. Worse still. some authoritiess execute felons in a cold manner. For illustration. in Saudi Arabia. felons are executed by decapitating by blade or lapidating wherby the felons are attacked by throwing rocks until they die ( Moni. 2010. parity. 6 ) . Therefore. capital penalty is a flagitious and cold act of force that must be abolished in order to keep a humane society with zero tolerance. Another ground of opposing capital penalty is that some felons have been found to be guiltless after they had been sentenced and executed. but they could neer return. By utilizing whole life imprisonment. the job brought by misjudgment can be avoided. One illustration is Jiang Guoqing in Taiwan. China. He was executed in 1997 for the colza and slaying of a 5-year-old miss. The organic structure of the miss was found in lavatory of public assistance station staff of the Air Force Combat Command. The agency of probe conducted polygraph proving on all soldiers. nevertheless. merely Jiang did non base on balls. Worse still. a lavatory tissue was found in the lavatory which contained combination of Jiang’s organic structure fluid and blood of miss because Jiang used lavatory before. Due to find of this grounds. Jiang was convicted of colza and slaying. He was eventually executed in 1997. but his male parent fought for entreaty continuously due to deficient probe in this instance. Finally. the governments reexamined grounds left in the instance in 2001. and they found that Jiang was guiltless and the slayer was Huang. Finally. the existent slayer was sentenced ( Tian. 2011 ) . After Jiang was executed. the repute of his whole household was destroyed. Can a authorities compensate for this? The instance of Jiang is merely the tip of the iceberg of abortion of justness that occurs around the universe. there were infinite instances where felons were found guiltless after executing. Unfortunately. the lives of these executed inexperienced persons can non be returned. it is decidedly a offense committed by the governments. It is normally believed thatEveryone is equal and just in forepart of law’ . however. unjust judgement still exists in the legal system due to discrimination against different races and sexes in some states. Nagin and Piper nigrum ( 2009 ) argued that The Justice system in South America is administered by same elect power construction. But justness for Blacks is revengeful and emotional. while for the Whites is secular and rational. The statistics besides show that figure of inkinesss being executed are far more than Whites supplying that about same figure of black and white felons commit the offense in respects of inequality. The capital penalty record indicates that 706 individuals received the decease sentence since 1910. while 362. or somewhat more than half. were really executed. For the people being executed. there were 282 black males. 73 white males. five Indian males and two black females where the statistics was from the provinces that holding bulk of Whites. ( Laurence. 2012. p. 119 ) This grounds proves that Blacks have a higher opportunity of having the decease punishment comparing to Whites. Besides Jayashree ( 2010. parity. 6 ) states the hapless may non hold money to engage a attorney to support them. Therefore. they have a comparatively higher rate of imprisonment or even be executed. In add-on. in Saudi Arabia. adult females face the decease punishment by lapidating for criminal conversation. While it is normal for work forces to get married a few adult females. they do non endure any legal effect for personal businesss ( Moni. 2010. parity. 1 ) . This reveals that unjust judgement exists for different sexes. different socio-economic position and different races. Many people think that implementing capital penalty can cut down the figure of flagitious offense in society due to fear of serious penalty. While. the consequence of the decease punishment in commanding offense is still dubious. As support by Jayashree ( 2010. parity. 7 ) The rate of offense is 43 per centum in the province that holding dead punishment while merely 23 per centum in province that without decease punishment in America. This shows that the consequence of capital penalty may non be effectual in cut downing offense rates. Besides. there are many people projecting uncertainty that money spent in back uping the lives of felons is much more than cost of capital penalty. In fact. the cost of implementing the decease punishment is non low at all. governments need money to fix paperss such as Deoxyribonucleic acid trials and a licence of decease for the felon. Whole lives imprisonment is the most suited manner to penalize the felons that perpetrating flagitious offense. Jayashree. 2010. para6 claim that In gaol. decennaries and decennaries of life in a coop. in an environment of colza and force and being treated like animate beings is worse than the decease sentence. With the decease sentence. the agony is over rapidly. It can besides soothe the victim household as the felons suffer in gaol for long period of clip. Besides. there is a good chance in gaol to allow them to revise themselves and give them a 2nd opportunity to rectify themselves. On the other manus. implementing capital penalty is engrafting the construct of an oculus for an eye’ and an ear for an ear’ into society. Therefore. get rid ofing capital penalty is a lone manner non to allow this evil construct base on balls to our following coevals. More significantly. whole lives imprisonment do non allow felons endure from abortions of justness. To reason. since there are many disadvantages in transporting out capital penalty such as this is against human right. being of unjust judgement and the consequence of decease punishment is still dubious. To repeat. capital penalty should be abolished and authorities should supply 2nd opportunity for felons to rectify themselves.

Avogadros Number (Chemistry Glossary Definition)

Avogadro's Number (Chemistry Glossary Definition) Avogadros number, or Avogadros constant, is the number of particles found in one mole of a substance. It is the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. This experimentally determined value is approximately 6.0221 x 1023 particles per mole. Avogadros number may be designated using the symbol L or NA. Note that Avogadros number, on its own, is a dimensionless quantity. In chemistry and physics, Avogadros number usually refers to a quantity of atoms, molecules, or ions, but it can be applied to any particle. For example, 6.02 x 1023 elephants is the number of elephants in one mole of them! Atoms, molecules, and ions are much less massive than elephants, so there needed to be a large number to refer to a uniform quantity of them so that they could be compared relative to each other in chemical equations and reactions. History of Avogadro's Number Avogadros number is named in honor of the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro. Although Avogadro proposed that the volume of a gas at a fixed temperature and pressure was proportional to the number of particles it contained, he did not propose the constant. In 1909, French physicist Jean Perrin proposed Avogadros number. He won the 1926 Nobel Prize in physics for using several methods to determine the value of the constant. However, Perrins value was based on the number of atoms in 1 gram-molecule of atomic hydrogen. Later, the constant was redefined based on 12 grams of carbon-12. In German literature, the number is also called the Loschmidt constant.

Projective Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Projective Techniques - Essay Example Projective techniques are immensely applied in the field of psychology, law, sociology and business management-especially marketing (Wood, Nezworski, Lilienfeld & Garb, 2009). Projective techniques have been viewed by psychologists and marketers in different perspective but the main idea still remains to make research work strong and powerful. Different set of tactics of the projective techniques help out to get accurate results quickly. Psychologists should be appreciated for presenting such powerful and useful deduction method (Donoghue, 2010). Projective techniques basically are structured indirect method of investigation which urges to get the hidden and unseen data. Psychologists came up first with these techniques and got commendable results. Reveling concealed data from people is the main purpose and usage of this technique. These are mostly used in psychology for various personality tests and clinical treatment. It has sheer importance in business management which has made re search work more systematic (Krippendorff, 2012). It has explained many complex and unexplained structures of business research work. In marketing and consumer research, projective techniques are known as motivation research. It does not primarily focus on one’s motivation towards a brand or product. ... Many psychologists are dependent on using this method to find out the untold answers. Business management, marketing and consumer research field also depends upon projective techniques. It cannot be underestimated in any course of study (Georgescu, 2012). Following are some of the techniques which are followed to find out the hidden points. A. Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT) This is one of the kinds of projective techniques. It is very famous and a common tool used by many psychologists all around the globe. Different scenes with ambiguous state are shown to the subject. The subject is asked to explain these scenes, basically those scenes are from the previous life of the subject and they are shown so that it would recall its memory. An emotional and motivational factor comes in and plays a vital role. The test evaluator on the other end critically examines his moves, behavior and attitude. Subject’s responsive attitude after watching those scenes has gigantic importance and is considered as the backbone of this test (Cherrier, 2012) B. Rorschach Inkblot Test (Colakoglu & Littlefield, 2011) depicts that this is yet another type of projective type which is used at first place to determine behavior, response and hidden secrets. In this form of test subject has shown ten symmetrical inkblots. Those inkblots are irregular in shape and a full series is shown. While watching those inkblots, subject is asked that what they see. If the subject has been gone through some trauma, or pain, then he’ll explicitly split out. Some patients have strong nerves and do not respond fast so a full series is than shown to them. This is a successful tool and used widely. Psychologists at first start their proceedings, with patients who have memory

Film Close Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Film Close Analysis - Essay Example The next clip is also edited. 4 seconds Camera closeup of Douzi’s mother, Douzi is standing in the frame too but his image is blurred. His mother refuses to raise him at the brothel. She is crying and making sniffing sounds. Then she smiles and tried to cajole him. 5 seconds Long-shot of all three characters, Douzi’s mother sits down on her knees. Guan is seated far right of the frame across the table. He rises so his back is to the camera and asks her to leave. 2 seconds. Camera takes a close-up of Douzi and his mother. There is a loud clicking sound of the sharpening blades in the background. She covers his face with a scarf. Douzi tells her he can’t feel his hands they are so cold. 4 seconds Camera shows a medium shot of Douzi bent on a bench with this mother on the opposite side holding a knife. There is a loud clicking sound of a butcher’s knife. Douzi shivers several times and then removes the scarf. He looks at his decapitated hand. 5 seconds Medium shot of doors bursting open as Douzi’s mother rushes in carrying him. She has blood on her face, both are screaming and crying as she carries him. The camera stays focus on them as they move across the school. Other students rush after her. 3 seconds Next is a clip from the same room where they were holding a meeting with Guan. Douzi has escaped his mother’s grasp and is hiding under the table. He runs when she tries to reach for him. The camera shows a long shot of Douzi jumping across stairs and running into the veranda of the school. Other boys follow him. Boys try to grab him as Douzi runs. The finally catch him. Loud music plays. In this scene the character Douzi is introduced in the film, previously he was a by-stander to a street performance. From this point forward Douzi’s take up the main role in the film. In this scene, Xiao Douzi is taken to an Opera school by his mother. The teacher Master Guan spots his superfluous finger and refuses to admit him as his student. His