What Is the Broken Windows Theory

The broken windows theory states that visible signs of crime in urban areas lead to further crime. The theory is often associated with the 2000 case of Illinois v. Wardlow, in which the U.S. Supreme Court confirmed that the police, based on the legal doctrine of probable cause, have the authority to detain and physically search, or â€Å"stop-and-frisk,† people in crime-prone neighborhoods who appear to be behaving suspiciously. Key Takeaways: Broken Windows Theory The broken windows theory of criminology holds that visible signs of crime in densely-populated, lower-income urban areas will encourage additional criminal activity.Broken windows neighborhood policing tactics employ heightened enforcement of relatively minor â€Å"quality of life† crimes like loitering, public drinking, and graffiti.The theory has been criticized for encouraging discriminatory police practices, such as unequal enforcement based on racial profiling. Broken Windows Theory Definition In the field of criminology, the broken windows theory holds that lingering visible evidence of crime, anti-social behavior, and civil unrest in densely populated urban areas suggests a lack of active local law enforcement and encourages people to commit further, even more serious crimes. The theory was first suggested in 1982 by social scientist, George L. Kelling in his article, â€Å"Broken Windows: The police and neighborhood safety† published in The Atlantic. Kelling explained the theory as follows: â€Å"Consider a building with a few broken windows. If the windows are not repaired, the tendency is for vandals to break a few more windows. Eventually, they may even break into the building, and if its unoccupied, perhaps become squatters or light fires inside. â€Å"Or consider a pavement. Some litter accumulates. Soon, more litter accumulates. Eventually, people even start leaving bags of refuse from take-out restaurants there or even break into cars.† Kelling based his theory on the results of an experiment conducted by Stanford psychologist Philip Zimbardo in 1969. In his experiment, Zimbardo parked an apparently disabled and abandoned car in a low-income area of the Bronx, New York City, and a similar car in an affluent Palo Alto, California neighborhood. Within 24 hours, everything of value had been stolen from the car in the Bronx. Within a few days, vandals had smashed the car’s windows and ripped out the upholstery. At the same time, the car abandoned in Palo Alto remained untouched for over a week, until Zimbardo himself smashed it with a sledgehammer. Soon, other people Zimbardo described as mostly well dressed, â€Å"clean-cut† Caucasians joined in the vandalism. Zimbardo concluded that in high-crime areas like the Bronx, where such abandoned property is commonplace, vandalism and theft occur far faster as the community takes such acts for granted. However, similar crimes can occur in any community when the people’s mutual regard for proper civil behavior is lowered by actions that suggest a general lack of concern. Kelling concluded that by selectively targeting minor crimes like vandalism, public intoxication, and loitering, police can establish an atmosphere of civil order and lawfulness, thus helping to prevent more serious crimes. Broken Windows Policing In1993, New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani and police commissioner William Bratton cited Kelling and his broken windows theory as a basis for implementing a new â€Å"tough-stance† policy aggressively addressing relatively minor crimes seen as negatively affecting the quality of life in the inner-city. Stop and Frisk March - Tens of thousands of New Yorkers participated in a silent march to protest NYPD racial profiling, including the Stop and Frisk program which dissproportionally tarkets young men of color as well as the spying on Muslims as was recently reveiled in news reports. Sunday, June 17, 2012. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images Bratton directed NYPD to step up enforcement of laws against crimes like public drinking, public urination, and graffiti. He also cracked down on so-called â€Å"squeegee men,† vagrants who aggressively demand payment at traffic stops for unsolicited car window washings. Reviving a Prohibition-era city ban on dancing in unlicensed establishments, police controversially shuttered many of the city’s night clubs with records of public disturbances. While studies of New York’s crime statistics conducted between 2001 and 2017 suggested that enforcement policies based on the broken windows theory were effective in reducing rates of both minor and serious crimes, other factors may have also contributed to the result. For example, New York’s crime decrease may have simply been part of a nationwide trend that saw other major cities with different policing practices experience similar decreases over the period. In addition, New York City’s 39% drop in the unemployment rate could have contributed to the reduction in crime. In 2005, police in the Boston suburb of Lowell, Massachusetts, identified 34 â€Å"crime hot spots† fitting the broken windows theory profile. In 17 of the spots, police made more misdemeanor arrests, while other city authorities cleared trash, fixed streetlights, and enforced building codes. In the other 17 spots, no changes in routine procedures were made. While the areas given special attention saw a 20% reduction in police calls, a study of the experiment concluded that simply cleaning up the physical environment had been more effective than an increase in misdemeanor arrests. Today, however, five major U.S. cities—New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Boston, and Denver—all acknowledge employing at least some neighborhood policing tactics based on Kelling’s broken windows theory. In all of these cities, police stress aggressive enforcement of minor misdemeanor laws. Critics Despite its popularity in major cities, police policy based on the broken windows theory is not without its critics, who question both its effectiveness and fairness of application. Demonstraters storm the Macys on 34th Street protesting the Staten Island, New York grand jurys decision not to indict a police officer involved in the chokehold death of Eric Garner in July on December 5, 2014 in New York City. The grand jury declined to indict New York City Police Officer Daniel Pantaleo in Garners death. Andrew Burton / Getty Images In 2005, University of Chicago Law School professor Bernard Harcourt published a study finding no evidence that broken windows policing actually reduces crime. â€Å"We don’t deny that the ‘broken windows’ idea seems compelling,† wrote Harcourt. â€Å"The problem is that it doesn’t seem to work as claimed in practice.† Specifically, Harcourt contended that crime data from New York City’s 1990s application of broken windows policing had been misinterpreted. Though the NYPD had realized greatly reduced crime rates in the broken windows enforcement areas, the same areas had also been the areas worst affected by the crack-cocaine epidemic that caused citywide homicide rates to soar. â€Å"Everywhere crime skyrocketed as a result of crack, there were eventual declines once the crack epidemic ebbed,† Harcourt note. â€Å"This is true for police precincts in New York and for cities across the country.† In short, Harcourt contended that New York’s declines in crime during the 1990s were both predictable and would have happened with or without broken windows policing. Harcourt concluded that for most cities, the costs of broken windows policing outweigh the benefits. â€Å"In our opinion, focusing on minor misdemeanors is a diversion of valuable police funding and time from what really seems to help—targeted police patrols against violence, gang activity and gun crimes in the highest-crime ‘hot spots.’† Broken windows policing has also been criticized for its potential to encourage unequal, potentially discriminatory enforcement practices such as racial profiling, too often with disastrous results. Arising from objections to practices like â€Å"Stop-and-Frisk,† critics point to the case of Eric Garner, an unarmed black man killed by a New York City police officer in 2014. After observing Garner standing on a street corner in a high-crime area of Staten Island, police suspected him of selling â€Å"loosies,† untaxed cigarettes. When, according to the police report, Garner resisted arrest, an officer took him to the ground in a chock hold. An hour later, Garner died in the hospital of what the coroner determined to be homicide resulting from, â€Å"Compression of neck, compression of chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police.† After a grand jury failed to indict the officer involved, anti-police protests broke out in several cities. Since then, and due to the deaths of other unarmed black men accused of minor crimes predominantly by white police officers, more sociologists and criminologists have questioned the effects of broken windows theory policing. Critics argue that it is racially discriminatory, as police statistically tend to view, and thus, target, non-whites as suspects in low-income, high-crime areas. According to Paul Larkin, Senior Legal Research Fellow at the Heritage Foundation, established historic evidence shows that persons of color are more likely than whites to be detained, questioned, searched, and arrested by police. Larkin suggests that this happens more often in areas chosen for broken windows-based policing due to a combination of: the individual’s race, police officers being tempted to stop minority suspects because they statistically appear to commit more crimes, and the tacit approval of those practices by police officials. Sources and Further Reference Wilson, James Q; Kelling, George L (Mar 1982), â€Å"Broken Windows: The police and neighborhood safety.† The Atlantic.Harcourt, Bernard E. â€Å"Broken Windows: New Evidence from New York City a Five-City Social Experiment.† University of Chicago Law Review (June 2005).Fagan, Jeffrey and Davies, Garth. â€Å"Street Stops and Broken Windows.† Fordham Urban Law Journal (2000).Taibbi, Matt. â€Å"The Lessons of the Eric Garner Case.† Rolling Stone (November 2018).Herbert, Steve; Brown, Elizabeth (September 2006). â€Å"Conceptions of Space and Crime in the Punitive Neoliberal City.† Antipode.Larkin, Paul. â€Å"Flight, Race, and Terry Stops: Commonwealth v.Warren.† The Heritage Foundation.

Hiroshim The World Bomb - 1520 Words

Rotter, Andrew J. Hiroshima: The World’s Bomb. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. The choice to use an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were two of the biggest decisions that were made in the twentieth century and the effects were felt all around the world. Andrew J. Rotter, the author, â€Å"Hiroshima: The World’s Bomb† is a Professor of History at Colgate University who specialized in recent US history and the Vietnam War. He has also written on United State-Asian relations during the twentieth century, including the books, â€Å"The Path to Vietnam† and â€Å"Comrades at Odds: India and the United States.† Rotter writes this book to make the argument that the creations of the atomic bomb was not just an America inventions, but rather a world wide effort that developed over decades, even if many people did not know what their discoveries and hard work would be used for. This book was written in a very clear and concise manner that allow ed for someone, like myself, who does not have a background in nuclear physics, to understand how the making of the atomic bomb was an international effort. Rotter breaks down the scientific development of the atomic bomb in a manner that is very easy to follow and as he describes each step he is also proving that the whole world helped to evolve the science that lead to the bomb. I do not know about other people, but when I think about the development of the atomic bomb I do not think of countries like Germany, New Zealand, or AustriaShow MoreRelatedThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima929 Words   |  4 PagesOn August 6, 1945 America dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshim, Japan with devastatingly effective results. A few days later, Truman took to the radio to inform the American people of the incident in what is later recognized to be one of history’s most memorable speeches. The reason for the speech is obvious at first glance. America dropped a bomb on Japan, leveling a whole city and killing hundreds of thousands of people. Americans deserve an explanation for this attack and that’s exactlyRead MoreEssay about The Relationships Between Countries after World War Two918 Words   |  4 PagesCountries after World War II The atomic age, composed of complex and controversial issues, has forever changed our world and the way in which we live. Although peace rang out throughout the world September 2, 1945, the relationships between countries after World War II will never be the same. In 1939 there were four great powers in Europe: Germany, France, Italy, and Great Britain; and three outside Europe, Russia, the United States, and Japan (284 Gilbert). By the end of World War II inRead More The Atomic Bomb Human Beings and Nature Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe Atomic Bomb Human Beings and Nature With the surrender of Germany on May 1, 1945, the United States and its allies were well on their way to winning World War II and resuming peace in Europe. Japan was the only country still in their path. American forces soon began capturing islands off the coast of Japan including Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Since the Japanese refused to surrender, the United States began planning a ground attack on Japans mainland. Many casualties for both sides wereRead MoreHiroshima-Nagasaki: Entering Into the Atomic Age Essay2153 Words   |  9 PagesOn August 6, 1945, in an attempt to bring an end to World War II, the United States dropped the world’s first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a Japanese city and military center. Most of the population stood helpless in the open as the sighting of only three aircraft quickly caused a roaring of air raid warnings. The extraordinary event destroyed nearly two-thirds of the city and immediately killed tens of thousands of people, and tens of thous ands more died later from radiation exposure. Sixteen hours

Hotel the Guest free essay sample

First of all we would like to introduce about the creative side of our hotel. Let us start from the entrance of the hotel which portrays the image and also the first impression of the guests towards our hotel. The hotel’s location at the mountain top will need the guests to take a cable car to reach the final station at our hotel, and it will cost them RM12 per ride. During this ride, afternoon tea is served before the guests got into the cable car, and it consists of a slice of homemade cake and a cup of coffee or tea of their choices. Now let us proceed to our hotel lobby where check-in and check-out take place. Our lobby is a nature by itself where it is surrounded by various floras and also the guests can see some special species of birds from the view of our lobby. We will write a custom essay sample on Hotel: the Guest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This concept came into my mind where I would like the guests to feel one with our Mother Nature. Besides, in the hotel lobby, we have a slot machine for the guest to redeem their discount voucher. In order to redeem their voucher from the machine, the guest needs to insert their room key card for verification purpose. On top of that, the voucher is only can be redeemed once for each key card presented to the machine. By having this voucher, our guests can enjoy the privilege of having discounts while dining in our restaurant, not forgetting enjoying a spa treatment and also buying souvenirs for their loved ones when they depart from the hotel. If the guest has the desire to travel around our hotel to experience the beauty of the nature, we do provide bugee service to bring them around the hotel, viewing nice scenery at the same time taking pictures. All of these extraordinary experiences will only cost them for RM15 per ride. Furthermore, we understand that some of the guests have a great passion towards extreme games. As such, our hotel also provides this specially designed outdoor game facility, which called Xtreme Game. These outdoor game activities include paintball, flying fox and Bungee jump, which will be charged RM25 per game. As for safety considerations, children below the age of 12 and also guests who have heart attack are strictly prohibited from taking part in these games. Since our hotel has already been a part of the Mother Nature, we also have jungle trekking activities for our guests. Nevertheless, our guests do not need to worry for their safety as this activity is accompanied by our fully-trained ranger. In this jungle trekking activity, our hotel provides a family package of four which costs RM200. In addition, our rooms have its own specialty where the guests staying in the room can fully experience the wildlife living in a jungle. This is where our guests may see animals walking pass just outside of the room and even beautiful fireflies outside their window during the night. This concept is mainly suitable for those guests who like adventure and stay far away from the city. During reservation, the guests can require a chalet with barbeque pit outside their room by the garden. However, this will be slightly higher price if compared to a normal room. For early birds, we do have promotions on special price for this room equipped with barbeque pit. As a conclusion, Utmost Hotel definitely has its own wild and wow factor to attract our targeted group of guests. Undeniably, this hotel is also a very good place for having a peaceful mind to achieve the calm and peacefulness for both body and soul. We have a certain level of confidence that our guests would certainly return for another visit, as they will surely love the nature environment as well as the service provided by the hotel. Indirectly, our hotel will also help to promote eco-tourism in our country and at the same time increasing the awareness of protecting the environment among the society.

Sales, banking, people and motivation Essay Example

Sales, banking, people and motivation Essay Allied Banking Corporation has been operating as a commercial bank for over thirty years increasing its number of branches in the Philippines to over 283 sites and a lot of other international representative units strategically place globally. (Alliedbank 2005). The following areas of concern were noted during the study and research of the organization: a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Technology and globalization. The website of the bank http://www.alliedbank.com.ph lacks online chat mode for online inquiries that needs immediate attention. Foreign rates are not updated early first thing in the morning. I used their emailing system for a simple ABA number inquiry of their correspondent bank in U.S.A. and I was not given the correct answer, instead I was asked to make a search in their correspondent bank’s website. It was a simple inquiry and yet their customer service representative cannot supply a handy answer. Basic things they should know when they are out there in the field. Online banking is powered by Bancnet online with a fund transfer mode facility that does not function even for same bank local transactions. There is no president’s message in their president’s message page. I used the email provided for the president’s message and I was wondering if it has a link since it does not have a pop up window . Anyway I sent an email to the email address that was given and until now there was no reply received from the president nor did I receive any auto email responder. The online banking page does not have an online application form for opening of new accounts where clients can manage filling up the new accounts form first then go to their desired branches for the presentation of needed requirements and signature. Compared with HSBC website, page for forms and documents can be downloaded at http://www.hsbc.com.ph/ph/forms/forms.htm, HSBC I think has more of an edge to customer service and global banking. There is no toll free phone service number provided for phone call queries. An organization as global as Allied Bank managing without the recent technology to enhance full-bloom customer service relationship management system. I wonder if one loses his AT card in the middle of the night can sue the bank for failure to provide the facilities to call without paying in case of loses if a t that time he does not have any funds to make a paid call to the Head Office regular hotline number and nobody in the nearby branches is awake to make the hold out card transaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales, banking, people and motivation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sales, banking, people and motivation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sales, banking, people and motivation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Customer service experience and motivation. There is an apparent lack of call center service representation and the technology to support and sustain bank activities. Bank employee’s motivation via technology utilization and improvement may be provided by an online banking tool which may grab and hold onto customers for life which is supposedly shall be the heart of any bank’s long term strategy. The heart is missing now, there are only people moving but with total lack of motivation and enthusiasm, adept knowledge of bank products and power leadership drives to destination unknown for a decentralize area of authority. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cross selling and motivation. Cross selling bank’s affiliate companies products is a good form of interchanging efforts to enhance incorporator’s investments. If we take a look to the way it was implemented, we can see that a good part of the look out and selling process of the New York Life (NYL) insurance products has been placed on the shoulders of the bank’s Branch Heads (BH) and down to the shoulders of the staff. In my research there is only the presence of push and figures for sales quota. There was an absence of monitoring and analysis to effective sales communication process between bankers and customers in terms of planning and follow up system. The NYL organization absolutely runs from the structure of the bank which may be the initial plan but failed to distinguish corporate mission statement and goals of the bank which are selling their basic products. NYL people were only there to present and close sale but follow ups and look out for prospective market were the burden of the BHs. Mabuhay Miles could be a free promo product from Philippines Airlines which is also their sister company, but their coordinator and software failed to give specific reports of a list of those who were enrolled at their depository branch alphabetically. So the new accounts representative has to make a search for the number or name of the depositor first before enrolling. Management has given strict policy of recruiting to accounts that were two years old and over but there was no provision in the software of Allied Bank to easily access deposit accounts with their corresponding ages. How do you think employees who were given the quota will manage to enlist depositors and feel about how things work and run in the organization? d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work conditions and overtime payments. Cost cutting and soliciting bank employees motivation is not well compensated when air conditioning were being replaced by electric fans to save on electricity. Imagine the smell and the heat of a work environment as such as an airtight closed room to elaborate without proper ventilation and air conditioning. There is a predetermined air conditioning operating hours. Even if we allow one unit to run it still cannot accommodate to cool the entire branch where people are still working. The worst that is happening is the slashing of the number of hours worked beyond regular hours, overtime by the employee. Remember being away from your family for so long a time even extending to late evenings and getting paid for only a percentage of the work done. A very good motivation and behavior reinforcers scheme to develop a rebelling stubborn employee. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Product knowledge and training. Most of the time the bank offers products and services with no training and orientation made on product knowledge. Only memos were given. And if they hold trainings, employees are not being paid for the attendance. It is already a fact with the organization that if they hold half day seminars in Cebu province in particular, it usually ends at about 2-3pm with no provisions for lunches or meals. Only light snacks were given. Employees do not want to attend seminars anymore because of the effects on their health. Imagine listening to your upper level management speeches in pangs of hunger if it won’t drive you to the doors of the doctors for illnesses of hyperacidity and ulcers. f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Duties and responsibilities vs. delegation of functions. Tellers and new accounts were given a lot of delegated responsibilities by supervisors and officers. They cannot do anything about it because of the provision of HRD in their list of duties and responsibilities captioned as â€Å"and all other duties and responsibilities assigned by the branch†. The context of their functions is not really performing their relative functions but extended to the functions of the officers as well. This gives an idea of opportunity to enjoy for some Branch Operation Officers the task of reading newspapers almost the entire day, making telephone conversations, signing documents and making follow ups on delegated functions. Nice pay good work! This in fact curtails the voice of the employee to cite abuse. g.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Branch assignments and job rotations and motivations. The present transfers of branch assignments and job rotations without the agreement of the employee concern. 2005 memorandum states that the maximum number of years they are allowed to stay in a branch is five years only. Everything is based on instructions and management prerogative to transfer employees, nothing on how employee feels on the new workload and how they react on the proximity of their new branch assignments from home. Travel and stress make the most part of their time going to work from north to south. How about the consideration of skills and building up of rapport with customer service? How can HRD disregard familiarization and period of adjustments, qualification, satisfaction, and employee morale? Organization change analysis and proposal Consultative banking described the roles of bankers as consultant to their customers maximizing recognized opportunities by discussing alternatives and assisting them in their decision making phase with utmost confidence. This kind of approach to sales requires bankers to look at their products and services from their customer’s point of view making it as relevant as an increase in market share profitability and development of long term relationship in a highly competitive industry. The focal point of selling then is to understand the needs of the customers with total annihilation of the concept of door to door selling. The link therefore is increasing the employee’s ability to uncover needs, solve problems and improve situations of the customers to a mutually beneficial relationship. (Richardson 1984). The approach therefore is building relationships which are a great contrast to the issues I have cited in branch transfers and job rotations. Building relationship requi res time and it won’t benefit the bank if in the time that you almost get to know the customer you will be transferred to another branch. In their drive for a Know Your Client (KYC) directive, they forgot that time encompasses such development. Employees also experience low morale and great stress in accepting responsibilities against their will. Real motivation stems from good leadership and follows the guidelines set by nature. Motivations as emotions have unconsciously set its place in the day-to-day operations of the bank. (Maddock Fulton 1998). The prevalence and expression of emotions at work were certainly overlooked by management. Where emotions and rationality complement each other, it shall be used in a constructive manner to energize people by getting them cognitively and affectively engaged in their individual work. Efforts and expectations do not address the heart of an individual. It only deals with his hand and of his head. â€Å"Leaders may persuade with log ic, but they motivate through emotion. Leaders must come to grips with the challenges of emotion, a key driver of productivity, quality and other factors that lead to business success. When you want to motivate people to take action, engage their emotions.† (Ashforth 1995). This explains well how the idea of branch assignments and transfers may be detrimental to the health of the organization. It leaves customers and does not make it possible for the bank to strengthen the portfolio of banking products as part of their core banking solution to establish global customer base. It is a simple hello and goodbye interface making it more visible for the customers to opt whether to increase or decrease their business with the bank. Moreover the continuing dissatisfaction of the employees of having to invest additional time and effort in going to work were exhibited by getting up earlier than usual in the morning to make allowances for travel time and coming in late at home as late as 8-9pm because of travel time and annoying traffic congestion. They don’t even have the appropriate quality time spent to take care of their family and kids because of the very early and very late schedule to get out and come back to home base. Proximity from home to work sh all be a major consideration by HRD when they plan to release schedules for transfers and branch assignments. They should hear the dilemma of stress and anxiety brought by too long travel time and getting to develop a stranger relationship with one’s immediate family. This is surmounted by the deal of adjustments an employee has to undertake on different work stations. Authority could be a well demeaning word when it comes to violations of the rights of the employees to express their sentiments about the present trend of movements. HRD shall get the confirmation of the employee first to know if they are happy in following instructions without their consensus. Emotions play a good deal with employee’s motivations and dissatisfaction that may lead to rebellion and absenteeism due to decline and lack of dedication and enthusiasm to perform work. Order must be made with regards to the order in branch assignments and order with regards to personal family lives of the concer ned employees. Cost cutting of air conditioning electricity and slashing of number of hours rendered for overtime are unjust and humiliating. For all the income the bank has generated, the bank wants to give its employees fair pay to fair labor. Management must implement change of behavior on themselves for these so called unjust practices. This is not a Christian way of treating one’s workforce. Instead management shall look into giving meal allowances for employees who stayed to work until or past dinner time be it 6:30pm or 7pm. Control factors for anticipated excessive overtime shall be made upon submission of application by simply saying yes or no after evaluation of the work that needs to be done. Work is facilitated and employee is more motivated if work conditions are satisfactory. Management shall in no condition limit air space circulation and cooling when somebody is still at work. Management shall create a group to determine and identify loopholes in operations and leadership. It shall serve to identify changes in behaviors of employees and the motivation factors that needs to encourage work and build a strong workforce to gain a competitive edge over other banks. Surveys shall be made and distributed to all employees. Performance appraisals must not be limited to and subjected to appraise staff alone. Another form of appraisal shall be created to gauge performance of officers also. Praise and working conditions are two motivating factors that will decide employee’s enthusiasm to excel work performance. The bank may infuse on their management intervention the use of motivating language to impart effective communication on employee performance and enhance critical employee attitude. (Mayfield Mayfield 2006). In order to stimulate employee motivation, BH shall clarify goals for subordinates to eradicate uncertainties in the process. He must be able to give everyone his role in making sales. Like if a new accounts clerk has to open a minimum of two accounts per day, then he must understand to figure out to make one more sale the day after tomorrow if he only opened one account the next day. Empathy is very important when speaking to subordinates with emotional understanding. This is critical when it comes to issues of cross selling products. BH shall understand that it is not banking anymore but pure cross selling by which the selling process shall be done only upon completion of basic banking duties and responsibilities. A matter of factual disorientation will occur as to which one t o prioritize between the employer’s products or the affiliate companies products. Pressure shall not be downloaded to the wrong workforce. Cross selling shall be done only as an extension of the bank’s sales and services. There is a big difference on the two and very big impact on employee’s attitude towards work. It may be apparent that employees do not value working on extended services when their own duties and responsibilities with additional delegated tasks are already covering their work hours. The bank shall have a look with their reengineering, workload, and cross selling features that has been pressuring officers and staff to achieve branch quota. Technology is vital to global connectivity to sustain operations and create an edge to customer satisfaction and experience. The toll free number, call center aspect, and the website are extensions of the branch operating hours. In the issues of technology and globalization, the website will serve to generate its own advantages. Some channels like ATM machines have greatly helped to free-up-front bank sales staff from transactional activities but banks needed to trust new capabilities in order to increase their share of the customer wallet. It is finding the right product and the right relationship with the perfect technology. Employees must be given the proper training and of course the proper incentives to attend seminars and training in the issues of product knowledge and training. It will be their only mode of distinguishing leads to prioritize, creating sales scripts, and fulfilling sales. Although a lot depends on the execution, getting the human sales force to full advantage r emains to be a challenge for the bank that have been placing budget constraints in all the wrong places. Managers must learn to acknowledge worker’s performance and take feedbacks. A straight forward in depth communication could be the cure to lift their morale. Employees shall be informed of whatever is happening in the bank and not being discriminated for any regular news item other than for memos and instructions. Managers shall take the initiative to make them feel at home with the bank and not alienated to enhance team’s capability to perform effectively in the future. Group performance relates to group composition taking into account the nature and attributes of each member. It deals with heterogeneity and creativity as it considers familiarity and performance of team building. (Dickinson Guzzo 1996). To provide the right customer experience, the bank has to provide the right employee experience. It is a chain. It will spread once it gets motivated. Motivation i s not always in the form of reward systems although it can affect desires but it has more to do with emotions, relationships, and leadership. The bank has already reached its peak of performance, if it won’t seek to change its present situation, it will likely slide down. Sales, banking, people and motivation Essay Example Sales, banking, people and motivation Essay Allied Banking Corporation has been operating as a commercial bank for over thirty years increasing its number of branches in the Philippines to over 283 sites and a lot of other international representative units strategically place globally. (Alliedbank 2005). The following areas of concern were noted during the study and research of the organization: a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Technology and globalization. The website of the bank http://www.alliedbank.com.ph lacks online chat mode for online inquiries that needs immediate attention. Foreign rates are not updated early first thing in the morning. I used their emailing system for a simple ABA number inquiry of their correspondent bank in U.S.A. and I was not given the correct answer, instead I was asked to make a search in their correspondent bank’s website. It was a simple inquiry and yet their customer service representative cannot supply a handy answer. Basic things they should know when they are out there in the field. Online banking is powered by Bancnet online with a fund transfer mode facility that does not function even for same bank local transactions. There is no president’s message in their president’s message page. I used the email provided for the president’s message and I was wondering if it has a link since it does not have a pop up window . Anyway I sent an email to the email address that was given and until now there was no reply received from the president nor did I receive any auto email responder. The online banking page does not have an online application form for opening of new accounts where clients can manage filling up the new accounts form first then go to their desired branches for the presentation of needed requirements and signature. Compared with HSBC website, page for forms and documents can be downloaded at http://www.hsbc.com.ph/ph/forms/forms.htm, HSBC I think has more of an edge to customer service and global banking. There is no toll free phone service number provided for phone call queries. An organization as global as Allied Bank managing without the recent technology to enhance full-bloom customer service relationship management system. I wonder if one loses his AT card in the middle of the night can sue the bank for failure to provide the facilities to call without paying in case of loses if a t that time he does not have any funds to make a paid call to the Head Office regular hotline number and nobody in the nearby branches is awake to make the hold out card transaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales, banking, people and motivation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sales, banking, people and motivation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sales, banking, people and motivation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Customer service experience and motivation. There is an apparent lack of call center service representation and the technology to support and sustain bank activities. Bank employee’s motivation via technology utilization and improvement may be provided by an online banking tool which may grab and hold onto customers for life which is supposedly shall be the heart of any bank’s long term strategy. The heart is missing now, there are only people moving but with total lack of motivation and enthusiasm, adept knowledge of bank products and power leadership drives to destination unknown for a decentralize area of authority. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cross selling and motivation. Cross selling bank’s affiliate companies products is a good form of interchanging efforts to enhance incorporator’s investments. If we take a look to the way it was implemented, we can see that a good part of the look out and selling process of the New York Life (NYL) insurance products has been placed on the shoulders of the bank’s Branch Heads (BH) and down to the shoulders of the staff. In my research there is only the presence of push and figures for sales quota. There was an absence of monitoring and analysis to effective sales communication process between bankers and customers in terms of planning and follow up system. The NYL organization absolutely runs from the structure of the bank which may be the initial plan but failed to distinguish corporate mission statement and goals of the bank which are selling their basic products. NYL people were only there to present and close sale but follow ups and look out for prospective market were the burden of the BHs. Mabuhay Miles could be a free promo product from Philippines Airlines which is also their sister company, but their coordinator and software failed to give specific reports of a list of those who were enrolled at their depository branch alphabetically. So the new accounts representative has to make a search for the number or name of the depositor first before enrolling. Management has given strict policy of recruiting to accounts that were two years old and over but there was no provision in the software of Allied Bank to easily access deposit accounts with their corresponding ages. How do you think employees who were given the quota will manage to enlist depositors and feel about how things work and run in the organization? d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work conditions and overtime payments. Cost cutting and soliciting bank employees motivation is not well compensated when air conditioning were being replaced by electric fans to save on electricity. Imagine the smell and the heat of a work environment as such as an airtight closed room to elaborate without proper ventilation and air conditioning. There is a predetermined air conditioning operating hours. Even if we allow one unit to run it still cannot accommodate to cool the entire branch where people are still working. The worst that is happening is the slashing of the number of hours worked beyond regular hours, overtime by the employee. Remember being away from your family for so long a time even extending to late evenings and getting paid for only a percentage of the work done. A very good motivation and behavior reinforcers scheme to develop a rebelling stubborn employee. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Product knowledge and training. Most of the time the bank offers products and services with no training and orientation made on product knowledge. Only memos were given. And if they hold trainings, employees are not being paid for the attendance. It is already a fact with the organization that if they hold half day seminars in Cebu province in particular, it usually ends at about 2-3pm with no provisions for lunches or meals. Only light snacks were given. Employees do not want to attend seminars anymore because of the effects on their health. Imagine listening to your upper level management speeches in pangs of hunger if it won’t drive you to the doors of the doctors for illnesses of hyperacidity and ulcers. f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Duties and responsibilities vs. delegation of functions. Tellers and new accounts were given a lot of delegated responsibilities by supervisors and officers. They cannot do anything about it because of the provision of HRD in their list of duties and responsibilities captioned as â€Å"and all other duties and responsibilities assigned by the branch†. The context of their functions is not really performing their relative functions but extended to the functions of the officers as well. This gives an idea of opportunity to enjoy for some Branch Operation Officers the task of reading newspapers almost the entire day, making telephone conversations, signing documents and making follow ups on delegated functions. Nice pay good work! This in fact curtails the voice of the employee to cite abuse. g.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Branch assignments and job rotations and motivations. The present transfers of branch assignments and job rotations without the agreement of the employee concern. 2005 memorandum states that the maximum number of years they are allowed to stay in a branch is five years only. Everything is based on instructions and management prerogative to transfer employees, nothing on how employee feels on the new workload and how they react on the proximity of their new branch assignments from home. Travel and stress make the most part of their time going to work from north to south. How about the consideration of skills and building up of rapport with customer service? How can HRD disregard familiarization and period of adjustments, qualification, satisfaction, and employee morale? Organization change analysis and proposal Consultative banking described the roles of bankers as consultant to their customers maximizing recognized opportunities by discussing alternatives and assisting them in their decision making phase with utmost confidence. This kind of approach to sales requires bankers to look at their products and services from their customer’s point of view making it as relevant as an increase in market share profitability and development of long term relationship in a highly competitive industry. The focal point of selling then is to understand the needs of the customers with total annihilation of the concept of door to door selling. The link therefore is increasing the employee’s ability to uncover needs, solve problems and improve situations of the customers to a mutually beneficial relationship. (Richardson 1984). The approach therefore is building relationships which are a great contrast to the issues I have cited in branch transfers and job rotations. Building relationship requi res time and it won’t benefit the bank if in the time that you almost get to know the customer you will be transferred to another branch. In their drive for a Know Your Client (KYC) directive, they forgot that time encompasses such development. Employees also experience low morale and great stress in accepting responsibilities against their will. Real motivation stems from good leadership and follows the guidelines set by nature. Motivations as emotions have unconsciously set its place in the day-to-day operations of the bank. (Maddock Fulton 1998). The prevalence and expression of emotions at work were certainly overlooked by management. Where emotions and rationality complement each other, it shall be used in a constructive manner to energize people by getting them cognitively and affectively engaged in their individual work. Efforts and expectations do not address the heart of an individual. It only deals with his hand and of his head. â€Å"Leaders may persuade with log ic, but they motivate through emotion. Leaders must come to grips with the challenges of emotion, a key driver of productivity, quality and other factors that lead to business success. When you want to motivate people to take action, engage their emotions.† (Ashforth 1995). This explains well how the idea of branch assignments and transfers may be detrimental to the health of the organization. It leaves customers and does not make it possible for the bank to strengthen the portfolio of banking products as part of their core banking solution to establish global customer base. It is a simple hello and goodbye interface making it more visible for the customers to opt whether to increase or decrease their business with the bank. Moreover the continuing dissatisfaction of the employees of having to invest additional time and effort in going to work were exhibited by getting up earlier than usual in the morning to make allowances for travel time and coming in late at home as late as 8-9pm because of travel time and annoying traffic congestion. They don’t even have the appropriate quality time spent to take care of their family and kids because of the very early and very late schedule to get out and come back to home base. Proximity from home to work sh all be a major consideration by HRD when they plan to release schedules for transfers and branch assignments. They should hear the dilemma of stress and anxiety brought by too long travel time and getting to develop a stranger relationship with one’s immediate family. This is surmounted by the deal of adjustments an employee has to undertake on different work stations. Authority could be a well demeaning word when it comes to violations of the rights of the employees to express their sentiments about the present trend of movements. HRD shall get the confirmation of the employee first to know if they are happy in following instructions without their consensus. Emotions play a good deal with employee’s motivations and dissatisfaction that may lead to rebellion and absenteeism due to decline and lack of dedication and enthusiasm to perform work. Order must be made with regards to the order in branch assignments and order with regards to personal family lives of the concer ned employees. Cost cutting of air conditioning electricity and slashing of number of hours rendered for overtime are unjust and humiliating. For all the income the bank has generated, the bank wants to give its employees fair pay to fair labor. Management must implement change of behavior on themselves for these so called unjust practices. This is not a Christian way of treating one’s workforce. Instead management shall look into giving meal allowances for employees who stayed to work until or past dinner time be it 6:30pm or 7pm. Control factors for anticipated excessive overtime shall be made upon submission of application by simply saying yes or no after evaluation of the work that needs to be done. Work is facilitated and employee is more motivated if work conditions are satisfactory. Management shall in no condition limit air space circulation and cooling when somebody is still at work. Management shall create a group to determine and identify loopholes in operations and leadership. It shall serve to identify changes in behaviors of employees and the motivation factors that needs to encourage work and build a strong workforce to gain a competitive edge over other banks. Surveys shall be made and distributed to all employees. Performance appraisals must not be limited to and subjected to appraise staff alone. Another form of appraisal shall be created to gauge performance of officers also. Praise and working conditions are two motivating factors that will decide employee’s enthusiasm to excel work performance. The bank may infuse on their management intervention the use of motivating language to impart effective communication on employee performance and enhance critical employee attitude. (Mayfield Mayfield 2006). In order to stimulate employee motivation, BH shall clarify goals for subordinates to eradicate uncertainties in the process. He must be able to give everyone his role in making sales. Like if a new accounts clerk has to open a minimum of two accounts per day, then he must understand to figure out to make one more sale the day after tomorrow if he only opened one account the next day. Empathy is very important when speaking to subordinates with emotional understanding. This is critical when it comes to issues of cross selling products. BH shall understand that it is not banking anymore but pure cross selling by which the selling process shall be done only upon completion of basic banking duties and responsibilities. A matter of factual disorientation will occur as to which one t o prioritize between the employer’s products or the affiliate companies products. Pressure shall not be downloaded to the wrong workforce. Cross selling shall be done only as an extension of the bank’s sales and services. There is a big difference on the two and very big impact on employee’s attitude towards work. It may be apparent that employees do not value working on extended services when their own duties and responsibilities with additional delegated tasks are already covering their work hours. The bank shall have a look with their reengineering, workload, and cross selling features that has been pressuring officers and staff to achieve branch quota. Technology is vital to global connectivity to sustain operations and create an edge to customer satisfaction and experience. The toll free number, call center aspect, and the website are extensions of the branch operating hours. In the issues of technology and globalization, the website will serve to generate its own advantages. Some channels like ATM machines have greatly helped to free-up-front bank sales staff from transactional activities but banks needed to trust new capabilities in order to increase their share of the customer wallet. It is finding the right product and the right relationship with the perfect technology. Employees must be given the proper training and of course the proper incentives to attend seminars and training in the issues of product knowledge and training. It will be their only mode of distinguishing leads to prioritize, creating sales scripts, and fulfilling sales. Although a lot depends on the execution, getting the human sales force to full advantage r emains to be a challenge for the bank that have been placing budget constraints in all the wrong places. Managers must learn to acknowledge worker’s performance and take feedbacks. A straight forward in depth communication could be the cure to lift their morale. Employees shall be informed of whatever is happening in the bank and not being discriminated for any regular news item other than for memos and instructions. Managers shall take the initiative to make them feel at home with the bank and not alienated to enhance team’s capability to perform effectively in the future. Group performance relates to group composition taking into account the nature and attributes of each member. It deals with heterogeneity and creativity as it considers familiarity and performance of team building. (Dickinson Guzzo 1996). To provide the right customer experience, the bank has to provide the right employee experience. It is a chain. It will spread once it gets motivated. Motivation i s not always in the form of reward systems although it can affect desires but it has more to do with emotions, relationships, and leadership. The bank has already reached its peak of performance, if it won’t seek to change its present situation, it will likely slide down.

Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essays

Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essays Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essay Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essay The goalkeeper is the most specialised position in football. A goalkeepers job is mainly defensive: to guard the teams goal from being breached (to not let the other team score). Goalkeeper is the only position defined in the Laws of the Game. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands and arms, however they are restricted to doing so only within their penalty area; for this reason, they must wear jerseys that distinguish them from other outfield players and the referee. If a goalkeeper is sent off or injured, and there is no substitute goalkeeper available, an outfield player must take the goalkeepers place and put on the appropriate identifying uniform. [3] The discipline of goalkeeping is so specialised that it is very rare in the professional game for a goalkeeper to play in any other position. One notable exception is Jorge Campos of Mexico, who played effectively as a striker when called upon. 4] A goalkeeper with good technical skill may opt to take his teams penalties and free kicks though this is rare as the goalkeeper would be caught out of position if possession is conceded immediately after the kick. Jose Luis Chilavert, formerly of Velez Sarsfield and Paraguay, and Rogerio Ceni of Sao Paulo and Brazil are well-known free-kick and penalty specialists with over 100 goals to their names. Hans-Jorg Butt is the goalkeeper to have scored in the most different competitions, having scored in all of Germanys top four divisions, the German cup and the UEFA Champions League. 5][6][7] Physical strength, height, jumping ability and judgement are valued qualities for goalkeepers to have in order to deal with aerial balls and agility, quick reactions and a good positional sense are all needed for shot stopping. [8][9] The standard football skills of ball control, tackling, passing and dribbling are not usually required in a goalkeeper, although the introduction of the back-pass rule in the early 1990s has necessitated improvement on such skills. [10]

How to Write a Perfect Caregiver Resume (Examples Included)

How to Write a Perfect Caregiver Resume (Examples Included) caregivers, also known as home health aides, are an essential part of the healthcare industry. they may not get the glory or the fame, but it doesn’t get much more necessary than helping people get through their daily lives. with patience, compassion, and a stellar bedside manner, these aides work with patients at home to help them with daily tasks like feeding, bathing, and moving around. their patients may include people with disabilities or the elderly. if you don’t have a degree (beyond high school/ged), or are just getting started, this can be a great career path. let’s look at caregiver resume samples from three different caregivers: one just starting out, a daycare provider, and a certified home health aide. first up is helene, who is looking for her first fulls)How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Physician Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included)How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Truck Driver Resume (With Examples)How to Write a Perfect Administrative Assistant Resume (Examples Included)

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Essay Example The clear-cut linkage between ASD in these instances notwithstanding, the causes of ASD remain unclear in higher than 90% of all instances, but in the current studies, a lot of focus is directed to proving the genetic linkages by identifying the specific genes allied to autism. Meanwhile, in the absence of concrete genetic evidence for autism, documented empirical data concerning autism cases provides a basis for the estimation of recurrence risk, which has been found to be about 5% when only one child in a family is affected but considerably higher than that to about 25% when more than one child is affected. Rate of recurrence risk is also determined by sex of the foetus because a male foetus has been found to be about 3-4 times more likely to develop autism than a female foetus; in this respect, the recurrence risk in accordance to sex is about 2% for a female foetus but close to 8% for a male foetus. In understanding the etiology of ASD, professionals in the field of medicine have proposed several theoretic frameworks; for instance, Gerrad and Rugg 2009 propose the development of a standardized framework for analysing autistic characteristics to facilitate the identification of subgroups and the location of biological markers for genetic variation (Gerrad and Rugg 2009, p.1449). The two also support the neuroconstructivist model that contends that peripheral sensual defects interrupt compilation of complex skills, influence synapto-genesis, synaptic pruning and myelination, and manifests themselves as autistic conducts. Of all the cognitive-developmental disorders, autism is perhaps the most clearly genetically determined and by combining universal rates of autism and sibling recurrence, there emerges a simple genetic model that categorizes... This essay stresses that Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that manifest in infants less than 3 years of age and lasts for a lifetime; autistic children present with impairments in social interaction, communication and repetitive patterns of behaviour. Cases of infantile autism are prevalent in the world today with males being overrepresented with a rate of sibling recurrence risk that is nearly 4 to 5 times higher than females in families. The etiological foundation of autism is highly elusive to clinicians in the world, but the genetic explanation prevalent in current research is attributable to the observations that the rate of recurrence of autism in the siblings of autistic individuals is much higher than the rate of recurrence in the general population. This paper makes a conclusion that one of the most influential theoretic models in existence insofar as autism is concerned, the neuroconstructivist model, posits that compilation of complex skills, synapto-genesis, synaptic pruning and myelination are disrupted by peripheral sensory abnormalities. In the educational settings, autistic children mainly struggle with communication and social interaction problems, with difficulties particularly in both verbal and non-verbal communication, in addition to the ability to interact with peers in leisure or play activities. Autistic children present a myriad of challenges to educational settings because unlike neurotypical children, autistic children require special interventions.

Exploring ideas about art Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exploring ideas about art - Assignment Example Therefore, evaluating various ideas about art suffices towards having a better understanding of art as a whole. As such, one idea about art that can be gained from the Institutional theory of art is that art has a function to perform by maintaining its cultural category. Additionally, art is generally part of a larger system defined by the art world, such it is difficult for art to stand on its own without connections to its art world. When this happens, the art tends to lose its being art in the context in which it was intended by the creator. Moreover, institutionalisation of art forms the framework that enables the proper understanding of any given work of art. This approach means that art cannot be viewed as a single item, rather, it is what makes up a given institutionalised system. On the other hand, Michelle Kamhi’s A Conservative View of Aesthetics looks at the pre-existing notions given to art, and the contemporary understanding of what can be defined as being art. While the typical definition of art is based on a representational approach as highlighted by paintings and sculptures, one significant point in this reading is that art can be anything as long as it is represented by the right individual. This brings another point such that the right individual is anyone who has been associated with art for a given period of time, therefore giving them the jurisdiction to delegate ‘art-wood’ to an object. Additionally, there is the element of art having to be attached to ideas and certain attributes that are characterised as being formal. From the a\idealization posited in this reading, art can mean virtually anything, and this depends only on the context in which it is presented. Nelson Goodman’s When is Art?, brings another perspective towards understanding art by demonstrating that art can be a method, object, or even a language. As a language, art is used as a form of communication or method that makes it easy for individuals to

Children of Polygamy Essay Example for Free

Children of Polygamy Essay With reasonable guidelines in place to prevent human right violations, should polygamy be legal in Canada? First of all, a clear definition of the term is required: â€Å"Polygamy occurs when one husband is married to two or more wives† (Ozkan,M et al,215) . This scenario is not common in North America however has been known to occur in the past. To gain an insight to the world of polygamy, it seems that research has been undertook investigating its effects in areas of the world where it is more common, for example, the Muslim world. The decision as to whether Polygamy should be legal in Canada will be based on the research found on the effects of Polygamy on both the children of the senior and junior wife. â€Å"A senior wife is defined as a woman who was followed by another wife into the marriage. A junior wife is the most recent wife joining the marriage† (Al-Krenawi,447). In-depth research has taken place into the emotional, psychological and behavioural effects on children from polygamous families, as well as the effects on academic achievement compared to that of monogamous families. Most experts agree that children from Polygamous families are negatively affected by polygamy in terms of their academic achievement, behaviour, and their emotional and physiological stability. Therefore, Polygamy should not be legal in Canada, in order to protect children from the harmful effects associated with it. An Investigation into the effects on education on Bedouin-Arab school children showed significantly higher scholastic achievement in the children from monogamous families when compared with children from polygamous families, based on grades in Hebrew, Arabic, Arithmetic and reading comprehension, recorded in their school files. (Krenawi Lightman, 350) As for behavioural problems, Krenawi, Graham et al describe how the â€Å"Competition for support and resources among wives in polygamous families may lead to tensions between co-wives and between the children of different co-wives† (456). The conflicts between the wives are often fuelled by jealousy which, in turn, increases the chances of conflict between the siblings of the wives. The increase in conflict and violence is likely to result in earlier drop out from school and higher probability of succumbing to other social problems such as drugs. (Krenawi Lightman,353). Al-Krenawi’s journal links the children’s behavioural problems with their emotional state: â€Å"Jealousy, competition and fighting among the different wives leads to the children regarding the children of the other wife not as siblings but as enemies. The resulting hatred and hostility affected the children both emotionally and socially. † (37). Research has shown that â€Å"Such problematic maternal psychosocial dynamics, in turn, may adversely influence adolescents’ self-identity, self-esteem and psychological well-being† (Shek 159). Self-esteem is looked at in great deal throughout the research. Krenawi and Graham define self-esteem as a wish to think well of one’s self; It also relates to self-respect and the person’s perception of worth. Children from polygamous families are especially prone to this, due to low-interest from their fathers, especially children of senior wives. Studies showed lower parental interest, lower interest when compared with other siblings contributed to low self-esteem among children in polygamous families. (457). Another table from this journal has results which show children from Polygamous families scored higher in areas including depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation and psychotism and scoring lower in family functioning (which includes relationships, functioning and communication within their family) as well as the self-esteem test. (452), We see that these psychological problems that polygamous children face are the major contributor to their lack of academic achievement, it is not as first thought a direct consequence of polygamy. It is more of an indirect consequence of polygamy. Observing from another perspective, evidence is found by Cherian that reveals â€Å"A positive and statistically significant relationship was found between parental interest and children’s academic achievement, regardless of whether the family was monogamous or polygamous† (736). Throughout the research into polygamy there were occasions where interviews were conducted with members of polygamous families, first hand evidence can be very powerful however we see contrasting views here first we will look at those in favour of polygamy. In the paper ‘Polygamy and its Impact on the Upbringing of Children’ by M. Khasawneh et al, we see a mother asked about the impact of polygamy, to which she answers â€Å"Did not affect the children† (577). There is also a statement from a child who states â€Å"Polygamy is a very appropriate process†. Clearly displays that both the mother and a child of polygamy both seem to support polygamy. However, if we look at the experts’ opinion of the mother Khasawnehs’ paper, we see that they believe that the wives views may not be accurate. Since the families would be aware of their responses, it made it difficult for the wife to make an honest declaration, as this could negatively affect her family life (572). Although there is little doubt that the child’s statement was not an honest one, we see that there are other responses which do not show the children in favour of polygamy. Although a number of children believed that their fathers did not discriminate between or separate them, several also did not approve of polygamy and seen it as â€Å"something they were forces to adapt to† (572). This view is further supported by a child who is asked their opinion and views on polygamy to which he answers: â€Å"Polygamy is for necessity only, and with conditions to be just and fair. I do not support polygamy at all no matter what the reasons are. † (577). Another child answers the same question with: â€Å"I encourage polygamy because there is a large number of girls. † (577) This brings up the condition which is very important for polygamy: If there is an imbalance in the ratios of male to female then it is a valid argument that polygamy is a solution to spinsterhood. However Referring back to the question on Canada, we find from Statistics Canada online that the population of males and females is approximately equal 17. 6 to 17. 3 million (StatCan) . As for the argument on education, although we have observed that parental interest influences both monogamous and polygamous children’s academic achievement, equally, it is clear that other behavioural, emotional and physiological factors contribute and can potentially have a harmful effect on academic achievement too. In conclusion it is clear, from studies on Polygamy in Muslim countries, that there is overwhelming evidence to show that Polygamy has a detrimental effect on the upbringing of children, and this is made clear in the research surrounding its negative effects on the wives, the senior wives in particular. Krenawi and Graham make that point that in order to reduce problems which associated with polygamy arising, early interventions by school officials and other services may help improve academic achievement, socioeconomic status as well as improved family functioning. (455) . Referring back to the idea of parental interest being a big contributor to the academic achievement of the children no matter what family structure they belong to however it is clear to see that a father will have a certain about of time available to give to his children if this time which was once for one family alone is not split between 2 families in 2 different households, it becomes obvious that it will become impossible for the father to give an equal amount of his time that he was able to give in the past. Therefore even with reasonable guidelines put in place ,possibly similar to the one practiced in Muslim countries, where the husband must prove he can financially look after his wives and children, I still feel there are a far greater number of disadvantages to this and therefore it should not be made legal in Canada. Word Count (1,442) Bibliography Al-Krenawi,A. Graham. J. R Sonim-nevo, V. (2002) Mental Health Aspects of Arab-Israeli adolescents from polygamous versus monogamous families. Journal of social Psychology, 142, 446-460. Al-Krenawi, S. Lightman, (2000). Learning, Achievement and Family conflict Among Bedouin-Arab children from polygamous and monogamous families. The journal of social psychology 140(3), 345-355. Cherian,V. I. (1993) . The Relationship between Parental interest and academic achievement of Xhosa Children from Monogamous and Polygamous families. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 733-736. M. Khasaweh,o,Y. Hijazi, H. Salman. N( 2011). Polygomy and Its Impact on the Upbringing of children. A Jordanian Perspective, Journal of Comperative Family Studies. 563-577 Ozkan,M,Altindag,A. ,Oto R Sentunali,E (2006) . Mental Health Aspects of Turkish Women from Polygamous Versus Monongamous Families. Turkey. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, (52), 214. Shek,D. T. L (1998) A Longitudinal Study of the Relation between Parental-adolesent conflict and adolescent psychological well-being. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159, 53-67.

The Collapse of the Greenland Norse Essay -- european history

In Jared Diamond’s novel 'Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed' he discusses many civilizations that moved away from their homelands, grew in population, and then either failed or succeeded in their new environments. Throughout this essay I will attempt to explain the Collapse of the Greenland Norse, one of the many societies to rise and fall. The Greenland Norse faced multiple challenges including economical, agricultural, and unfriendly neighbors. Alongside Greenland other North Atlantic islands faced geographical challenges that lead to some of their falls as well. Yet, first I will discuss why the Norse left Scandinavia in search of new terrain. Similarly to other expansions the Norse, also known as Vikings, expansion was most likely caused by what’s commonly known as â€Å"push/pull† triggers. â€Å"Push† means that the population pressure lead to a lack of opportunities in their homeland while â€Å"pull† represents good opportunities and empty areas to colonize elsewhere (Collapse pg. 185). Another reason for their sudden expansion is autocatalytic process. For the Norse two very distinct events set of this type of process: one was that in A.D. 793 a raid took place in Lindisfarne Monastery yielding a rich haul of booty that lead to even larger yields in following years and the second reason being the discovery of the unpopulated Faeroe Islands lead to the finding of larger, more distant islands (Collapse pg. 186). Even though the islands looked promising the Norse soon found out otherwise as the geographical environments posed many problems. For instance, Orkneys which lays in the Gulf Stream was perhaps their most successful island as it enjoyed mild climates and allowed for great agricultural production, but on... ...the Norse (Collapse pg. 255). Furthermore, the Inuit was able to outlive the Norse due to their advanced fishing skills that the Norse refused to learn from their neighbors largely in part to religion. In the end though it was the Norse’s decision to refrain from eating fish, ringed seals, and whales that potentially could have saved them from collapse (Collapse pg. 274). Even though the Greenland Norse only survived for four hundred and fifty years they weren’t necessarily failures. After all their unique European society was able to survive longer than we’ve been able to survive here in America (Collapse pg. 276). If we, American’s, don’t learn from others past are we doomed to follow in their footsteps? In my opinion, the answer is yes, but hopefully we’ll be able to turn the tides before its too late and we fall into collapse like so many other societies.

Analyse the sun’s newspaper leading article Essay

The Sun is a tabloid newspaper, which is generally short and easy to read. The word â€Å"spirit† adds evidence that The Sun targets a simple audience, which don’t have to be highly educated. The Sun is aimed at the middle class market (red top). As well as being strictly right-wing politics, the paper also has an untrustworthy reputation, they can also have tendency to exaggerate the truth and even print lies. Papers often exaggerate to make the situation sound more devastating and to have a more dramatic effect on the reader. The Sun gives a graphical view into what happened on September the 11th. The article on the 12th September 2001 is presented quite visually. The paper uses headlines to attract the reader’s attention and to summarise the facts of the article. The main title for the article is â€Å"The Sun Says†. The title is printed in large capital letters, is bold and has white letters printed on a black background. White letters on a black background are used to focus people attention on the title. Bold text is also used to make certain text stand out from the rest. The heading is to summarise the article, which is what â€Å"The sun says†¦ † This short unfinished sentence makes the reader want read on and this creates suspense as well as getting reader interest. This heading is also influencing the reader’s point of view. The main Sub heading is â€Å"All the world must unite to defeat these evil cowards. † This heading is printed in large letters, is bold, underlined, has white letters on a black background and in the centre of the article. The heading is in the centre of the article this is to break up the text and grab people’s attention. The heading is used to give a message, which in this case is everyone, must join together to find out who committed this unprovoked attack. This heading is also exaggerated to creating drama and excitement to stimulate the interest of the reader. Below the sub heading in a picture of some of the people caught up in the accident. This is eye catching and is reinforcing what is being said in the text. The picture is followed by the caption â€Å"Terror victims†¦. New York workers flee the devastation covered in dust yesterday† This caption is to get a certain response from the reader. The writer varies the sentence lengths to make short sentences punchy and hard-hitting on the audience. This simple short sentences â€Å"They must† is the first sentence of the article after the subheading. Short sentences are to emphasise a certain point. The point for this sentence is really the answer to the sub heading before it. This has a dramatic effect on its audience to unite in the â€Å"wake of yesterday’s horrors. † An additional short sentence is â€Å"Not after yesterday. † This is due to the amount of lives that were lost and threat of another attack. This is playing on the audience’s emotions. The writer uses a variety of techniques to help write a powerful article. Emotive language is used to provoke a certain response this can be demonstrated by the phrase â€Å"But the world will never be the same again. † This phrase is used to provoke an emotional response from the audience because the towers will never be rebuilt or be the same again. In order to create emotions, The Sun had to be biased and argue their point in order to get a certain emotion, among the audience. The writer uses the single word â€Å"exactly† which is written in Italic writing. This is to emphasise the word and make it stand out from the rest of the paragraph. The word is also to persuade the audience to adopt their point of view. Bold text stand is used several times throughout the article. Various examples of the bold text are â€Å"It is our duty to support them, both morally and – if necessary – practically† and â€Å"They must be hunted down and killed. † These quote are both subtitles. These subtitles are bold to catch the reader’s attention and make you want to read more. The bold also makes the text stand out from the rest of the paragraph. Both of these sentences give the read a feeling that if there is a war then we should back America. A rhetorical question is often asked for effect, this is to get a reader interested in what is happening. â€Å"Were his words treated as bravado rather that a dire threat? By asking a question the reader is leaving the answer up to the readers imagination and for them to draw their own opinion. In addition, the writer also uses questions from famous people in order to support their view. By quoting the prime minister the writer helps to support this view and it gets the paper politically involved. Tony Blair quoted, â€Å"The terrorists were in human† Journalists often exaggerate the truth to have a greater impact on the reader. For example â€Å"The world will NEVER be the same again. † By exaggerating the story the writer is trying to create a more devastating story. By developing and twisting the story the writer is assuming what has happened, but can’t prove what actually took place. This is called suppression and is created by saying an example of this is â€Å"If they had a nuclear bomb, they would use it. † Exaggeration is also being used to influence the reader’s point of view like in the phrase describing the disaster similar to â€Å"Armageddon, Death Wish and the Towering Inferno. † Writers some times use rhyming phrases in order to create phrases or slogans to keep the suspense of the article. Examples of rhyming phrases in the article include â€Å"George W. Bush will not shirk from using might in the cause of right. † And â€Å"we have won before. We will win again. † By playing on words, using Rhyming phrases and repetition the writer is focusing on a certain point or word. In this case the word is â€Å"we† which is at the end of the article to get across the point that â€Å"we can win†. The Language used in the Sun is informative, angry and sad. The language is a key tool in making a newspaper as affective as possible as it keeps the audience interested. A great example of this is the phrase â€Å"New York workers flee the devastation of yesterday. † This example of sad language is to provoke angry response from the audience. The language is also dramatic an example of this is â€Å"he must be bold†. This is to provoke the response that George Bush must be brave and daring. At the time of the disaster I was at school so I didn’t find out until I got home. When I saw the pictures on the television I felt a great lose for the families and could not belief something like this could happen, it affects everyone. The bottom lines of the article are trying to get people to unite and get everyone to â€Å"pray for America and for us all. † This powerful phrase is supposed to have a lasting affect on the reader and to influence their opinion. The leading article is a story expressing the newspaper’s point of view they are normally hard hitting, powerful and personnel. Some times they are actually written by the editor and they are much more opinionated than other reports. This type newspaper tries to make up people’s minds for them as it is mainly biased.

Reclining Nude

Faith Kim Prof. Hight Introduction to Visual Arts 4 June 2012 Reclining Nude The artwork is called Reclining Nude by Jean-Antoine Watteau and I found this artwork in the Norton Simon Museum. I was captivated by the sensuality and the delicacy in the painting. I first noticed in the painting was her robust ivory figure contrasting with the dark chocolate background because I felt that these contrasting colors evoked a sense of purity and light against the mysterious darkness. She seems to have turned around and noticed something. Perhaps someone just entered the room and surprised her or she could have been waiting for her lover.I also noticed that in this painting, that there are only three objects: the bed, the girl, and the dark background. This painting seemed so simple to me and yet I felt there was so much more to it. What was it about her that was so special? Why was she painted? These thoughts whirled in my head as I looked at this masterpiece. I studied this painting’s importance by researching the important formal elements that composed this artwork such as color and light, the historical context in which the artwork was made, and Watteau’s intent for this artwork.These factors have contributed in the Reclining Nude’s significance not only for me, but in art history. I first analyzed the usage of the formal elements-the color and shape- and Watteau’s skill sets in the Reclining Nude. The woman’s â€Å"creamy pink flesh is wonderfully warm and sensuous against the ivory-white of the bedclothes and the dark, chocolate-brown of the background† (Posner 385). The creamy color adds life to the woman and distinguishes her from the pale white bed sheets, thus giving the effect that her skin has â€Å"a marvelous translucency† (Posner 385).The translucency of her skin could possibly imply her innocence and purity. The rosy blush gives the young girl a sense of modesty that even though she might be alone and lying comfortably on her bed; she is aware of her nudity. Her â€Å"shape [and] weight†¦of the breasts and the firm flesh of [her] stomach†¦are exactly defined by varying values and densities of the paint surface† (Posner 385). Watteau must have applied a certain amount of weight in applying the paint, to give the painting life. This made â€Å"the boldly painted bedding seem buoyant and responsive to the weight of the lithesome figure† (Posner 385).His â€Å"brushwork is free and broad,† especially around the woman’s right elbow where there is apparently â€Å"a lack of clarity about the relationship of weight support† (Posner 385). Despite these irregularities, â€Å"the picture’s handling and description of forms are typical of Watteau† (Poser 385). Watteau was known for his â€Å"freedom of the hand, the lightness of touch, a subtlety in the profiles of heads and the drawing of hair, the expressiveness of the figures and com positions, [and] the pervasive feeling of [his artworks]† (Oxford).Watteau used the Rococo style in the Reclining Nude and this certain style reflected the change in mentality during 18th century France. According to Art: A Brief History, â€Å"The Rococo style may be seen partly as a reaction at all levels of society, even among kings and bishops, against the Grand Manner of Baroque art, indentified with formality and rigidity of seventeenth-century court life† (Stokstad 412). The Baroque style prior to the Rococo style magnified the grandeur of the powerful-the royalty and nobility.They were portrayed as godlike and were painted in a formal and rigid manner. Rococo was a much more relaxed notion and is â€Å"characterized by pastel colors, delicately curving forms, dainty figures, and lightheartedness† (Stokstad 412). The Reclining Nude represents these ideas of the Rococo style. Her body has a delicate curve especially around her hips adjacent to the dark back ground and her fingers are so delicate, it seems as if she has never used them before.During this time was the early emergence of the Enlightenment when â€Å"radical technological advances† and changes in philosophy were happening (Stokstad 469). People were starting to become curious, questioned their surroundings, and were thinking more realistically. The change in France’s notion is reflected in the Reclining Nude. The woman is more humanized with her lying comfortably than posing like a goddess in stupendous fashion. Also, the details of her anatomy, such as the indent of fat between her left breast and hip, give her a more realistic look as well.The Reclining Nude carries the characteristics of the Rococo style and embodies the cultural shift of France. No one knows for certain the true meaning behind Watteau’s Reclining Nude. There are theories that Reclining Nude has no meaning and is a simply a copy of Watteau’s other artwork, The Remedy. The Rem edy â€Å"shows the same reclining nude woman who appears in the painting. But in addition, it includes a maid with a syringe approaching her mistress to administer an enema, and also a night-table at the left and more of the bed at the bottom of the composition† (Posner 386).Only difference is that in the Reclining Nude, the focal point is not the action between the woman and her nurse, but just the woman. However, Watteau might have intended for the painting to be an erotic artwork. Watteau might have portrayed her as the ideal woman and to make love to this woman is as beautiful as her. This type of work would have reflected the â€Å"intellectual and social libertinism†¦ especially in France† (Posner 387). Expressing eroticism such as this was radical, but so was the culture and time period of France.The woman has also been noted to be a pagan goddess for she is â€Å"wonderfully seductive† and shares the modesty of a pagan goddess (Posner 388). Unlike what art historians and theorist say, I believe that Watteau’s intent was for us to just relax like her and enjoy the beauty of life. I think he would have wanted us to unwind and shift our focus from materials and more into the natural beauty. Watteau definitely displayed characteristics of the Rococo style and might have meant to use this style to display some very simple and yet beautiful forms of life.Instead of the opulence of the rich like in the Baroque style, he focused more on the natural beauty. He points out the delicacies and the loveliness of the woman that further attribute to her exquisiteness. Although there are many things I would love to know more about the Reclining Nude, I have learned a lot from my research. I feel satisfied of my discoveries and researching the Reclining Nude has reminded of the great importance art history is in our society. Studying art history gives us glimpses of life during those time periods.They show us their people, cultures, sty les, etc. Utilizing art, we are able to study from past people, cultures, and styles and therefore, apply this knowledge for the future. Jean-Antoine Watteau’s Reclining Nude provides history and meaning to society and can be studied to understand the mentality then, compared to how we are today. The visual techniques, the historical context, and the meaning of the Reclining Nude have helped enlighten me about this painting’s significance on myself and in art history.

Capital punishment should be abolished Essay Example

Capital punishment should be abolished Essay Example Capital punishment should be abolished Essay Capital punishment should be abolished Essay There are about 1. 000 people sentenced to decease because of perpetrating flagitious offense globally each twelvemonth ( Rogers. 2012. parity. 10 ) . However. some states still insist on implementing the decease punishment or capital penalty in order to cut down offense. In the 20th century it is contended that value of life should be pursed. and everyone deserves the right to last. For this ground. it can be argued that capital penalty should be abolished and whole life imprisonment should be implemented alternatively. First. to specify heinous crime’ and capital punishment’ is of import. The definition of flagitious offense differs depending on the state. By and large. it relates to offenses of moral turpitude’ . which are highly violent Acts of the Apostless including slaying. colza. manslaughter and terrorist act ( Tooby. 2012. parity. 1 ) . In contrast. the definition of capital punishment’ is more concrete. It is defined by the Oxford Dictionary ( 2012 ) as the lawfully authorised violent death of person as penalty for a offense. This includes deadly injection. deadly gas. hanging. executed by firing sqard. lapidating. decapitation and burning. This essay will reason that capital penalty is against basic human rights. secondly will turn out that felons have been found to be guiltless after they have been executed. thirdly it will verify the being of unjust judgements. Finally. this essay will expose counterarguments that support the decease punishment. utilizing instances from Saudi Arabia. China and America as its example to reason that capital penalty is barbarous and unneeded. To get down with. harmonizing to The Universal Human Rights Declaration ( 2012. parity. 3 ) Everyone has the right to life. autonomy and security of person . therefore. based on this premiss implementing capital penalty is against basic human rights. Everyone has the right to last. no 1 can strip people of this right. non even the authorities. Since the right of persons is protected by jurisprudence. which can non strip anyone randomly of life ( Human Right Association. 2003. parity. 2 ) . Capital penalty. however. is a pattern that disregards human rights. Furthermore. the justness system is set up to forestall offense and keep a peaceable society ( UNICEF. 2003. parity. 7 ) . The decease punishment. nevertheless. inflicts harm upon another. which can potentially make panic inside society ( Jayashree. 2010. parity. 7 ) . Therefore. capital penalty seems to oppose the established justness system. Worse still. some authoritiess execute felons in a cold manner. For illustration. in Saudi Arabia. felons are executed by decapitating by blade or lapidating wherby the felons are attacked by throwing rocks until they die ( Moni. 2010. parity. 6 ) . Therefore. capital penalty is a flagitious and cold act of force that must be abolished in order to keep a humane society with zero tolerance. Another ground of opposing capital penalty is that some felons have been found to be guiltless after they had been sentenced and executed. but they could neer return. By utilizing whole life imprisonment. the job brought by misjudgment can be avoided. One illustration is Jiang Guoqing in Taiwan. China. He was executed in 1997 for the colza and slaying of a 5-year-old miss. The organic structure of the miss was found in lavatory of public assistance station staff of the Air Force Combat Command. The agency of probe conducted polygraph proving on all soldiers. nevertheless. merely Jiang did non base on balls. Worse still. a lavatory tissue was found in the lavatory which contained combination of Jiang’s organic structure fluid and blood of miss because Jiang used lavatory before. Due to find of this grounds. Jiang was convicted of colza and slaying. He was eventually executed in 1997. but his male parent fought for entreaty continuously due to deficient probe in this instance. Finally. the governments reexamined grounds left in the instance in 2001. and they found that Jiang was guiltless and the slayer was Huang. Finally. the existent slayer was sentenced ( Tian. 2011 ) . After Jiang was executed. the repute of his whole household was destroyed. Can a authorities compensate for this? The instance of Jiang is merely the tip of the iceberg of abortion of justness that occurs around the universe. there were infinite instances where felons were found guiltless after executing. Unfortunately. the lives of these executed inexperienced persons can non be returned. it is decidedly a offense committed by the governments. It is normally believed thatEveryone is equal and just in forepart of law’ . however. unjust judgement still exists in the legal system due to discrimination against different races and sexes in some states. Nagin and Piper nigrum ( 2009 ) argued that The Justice system in South America is administered by same elect power construction. But justness for Blacks is revengeful and emotional. while for the Whites is secular and rational. The statistics besides show that figure of inkinesss being executed are far more than Whites supplying that about same figure of black and white felons commit the offense in respects of inequality. The capital penalty record indicates that 706 individuals received the decease sentence since 1910. while 362. or somewhat more than half. were really executed. For the people being executed. there were 282 black males. 73 white males. five Indian males and two black females where the statistics was from the provinces that holding bulk of Whites. ( Laurence. 2012. p. 119 ) This grounds proves that Blacks have a higher opportunity of having the decease punishment comparing to Whites. Besides Jayashree ( 2010. parity. 6 ) states the hapless may non hold money to engage a attorney to support them. Therefore. they have a comparatively higher rate of imprisonment or even be executed. In add-on. in Saudi Arabia. adult females face the decease punishment by lapidating for criminal conversation. While it is normal for work forces to get married a few adult females. they do non endure any legal effect for personal businesss ( Moni. 2010. parity. 1 ) . This reveals that unjust judgement exists for different sexes. different socio-economic position and different races. Many people think that implementing capital penalty can cut down the figure of flagitious offense in society due to fear of serious penalty. While. the consequence of the decease punishment in commanding offense is still dubious. As support by Jayashree ( 2010. parity. 7 ) The rate of offense is 43 per centum in the province that holding dead punishment while merely 23 per centum in province that without decease punishment in America. This shows that the consequence of capital penalty may non be effectual in cut downing offense rates. Besides. there are many people projecting uncertainty that money spent in back uping the lives of felons is much more than cost of capital penalty. In fact. the cost of implementing the decease punishment is non low at all. governments need money to fix paperss such as Deoxyribonucleic acid trials and a licence of decease for the felon. Whole lives imprisonment is the most suited manner to penalize the felons that perpetrating flagitious offense. Jayashree. 2010. para6 claim that In gaol. decennaries and decennaries of life in a coop. in an environment of colza and force and being treated like animate beings is worse than the decease sentence. With the decease sentence. the agony is over rapidly. It can besides soothe the victim household as the felons suffer in gaol for long period of clip. Besides. there is a good chance in gaol to allow them to revise themselves and give them a 2nd opportunity to rectify themselves. On the other manus. implementing capital penalty is engrafting the construct of an oculus for an eye’ and an ear for an ear’ into society. Therefore. get rid ofing capital penalty is a lone manner non to allow this evil construct base on balls to our following coevals. More significantly. whole lives imprisonment do non allow felons endure from abortions of justness. To reason. since there are many disadvantages in transporting out capital penalty such as this is against human right. being of unjust judgement and the consequence of decease punishment is still dubious. To repeat. capital penalty should be abolished and authorities should supply 2nd opportunity for felons to rectify themselves.